The short answer
The Freezing Process
When temperatures drop below freezing, the water inside your pipes can turn to ice. As water freezes, it expands by about 9 percent, but the pipe itself does not stretch. That expansion creates a blockage, and the pressure builds between the ice and the closed faucet or valve.
The weakest point in the pipe gives way, often a joint or a bend. A split pipe can release gallons of water per minute, soaking walls, floors, and belongings. Even a small crack can cause significant damage if it goes unnoticed for hours.
Which Pipes Are at Risk
Pipes in unheated areas face the highest risk. That includes crawl spaces, attics, garages, and exterior walls. Pipes with poor insulation or those exposed to drafts are also vulnerable. In a hot climate, freezing is rare, but a sudden cold snap can still catch you off guard.
If you live in a hot climate like Mesa, freezing is rare, but a sudden cold snap can still catch you off guard. Keep your shutoff valve location written down so you can stop the flow quickly if a pipe bursts. Also, check pipes in less-used areas like a guest bathroom or an outdoor spigot.
- Uninsulated pipes in attics or garages
- Pipes along exterior walls with little insulation
- Outdoor faucets and sprinkler lines
- Pipes in crawl spaces or under floor joists
- Lines in cabinets under sinks on outside walls
Prevention Steps
Seal gaps and cracks around pipes where cold air can reach them. Insulate pipes in unheated areas with foam sleeves or wrap. During a freeze warning, let a trickle of water run from faucets connected to exposed pipes; moving water is less likely to freeze. In warmer climates, this step matters only during rare cold snaps.
Open cabinet doors under sinks to let warm air circulate. Disconnect and drain garden hoses and shut off outdoor water supply valves. If you plan to be away, set the thermostat to at least 55 degrees Fahrenheit to keep the interior warm enough.
What to Do If a Pipe Bursts
First, shut off the main water valve to stop the flow. Then, turn on all cold water faucets to drain the remaining water. If the burst is in a wall or ceiling, you may see water stains or hear dripping. Do not touch electrical switches or outlets if water is near them.
Remove valuables and furniture from the affected area if it is safe. Take photos of the damage for your records. Then, contact local water damage pros to assess the situation and begin cleanup. The pros can extract water, dry the area, and help prevent mold growth.
After the Water Stops
Once the water is off and the area is dry, the repair work begins. A plumber can fix the broken pipe, but the water damage may need separate attention. Drywall, insulation, and flooring that got wet often need to be removed and replaced to avoid structural issues.
Water damage inspection helps identify hidden moisture in walls and subfloors. If you had significant flooding, flood damage cleanup is the next step. For minor leaks, drywall water damage repair might be enough. Always address moisture quickly to reduce the risk of mold.
Policies vary, and your insurer decides what is covered. Check your policy to understand what expenses might be reimbursed. Keep receipts for any emergency repairs and document all damage with photos.
- Shut off the main water valve first
- Drain faucets to relieve pressure
- Move wet items to a dry place
- Use towels or a wet vacuum to remove standing water
- Run a dehumidifier or fan to speed drying
- Call a plumber for pipe repair
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Call Now (480) 898-4279Frequently asked questions
Can a pipe burst without freezing?
Yes, but it is less common. High water pressure, corrosion, or physical damage can cause a pipe to burst. However, freezing is the most frequent cause in cold weather. If you notice a sudden drop in water pressure or damp spots, check for leaks.
How long does it take for pipes to freeze?
It depends on the pipe's location, insulation, and outside temperature. In an unheated area, a pipe can freeze within a few hours when temperatures drop well below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The colder it gets, the faster the risk increases.
Should I leave my heat on when away in winter?
Yes, set the thermostat to at least 55 degrees Fahrenheit. This helps keep interior walls warm enough to reduce freezing risk. Also, open cabinet doors to let warm air reach pipes. If you have a friend or neighbor, ask them to check on the house.